Look up any term in AI.

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)

How RLHF works, how it compares with DPO and GRPO, and why it makes language models verbose, agreeable and confidently wrong.

Normalization (LayerNorm, RMSNorm, BatchNorm)

Normalization rescales a layer's activations to a stable mean and scale so deep networks train faster. How BatchNorm, LayerNorm and RMSNorm differ.

Policy

In reinforcement learning, a policy is the function that maps a state to an action — it is the agent's behavior, the thing training optimizes.

AI in Science

Three different things get called AI for science. Two have produced verified results, the third mostly has not — and what got revised down.

AI Architecture

How a production AI system is assembled: retrieval, context assembly, the model call, tool execution, validation, logging and evaluation.

Support Vector Machines (SVM)

A classifier that separates two classes with the widest possible margin, using support vectors and the kernel trick to handle non-linear data.